Activity 1.1.1 High profile mass-media campaign, including AIDS ambassadors, poster campaigns, and TV/ radio advertising to reduce stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS
Activity 1.1.2 Community-based campaigns led by PLWHA groups to raise public awareness and reduce stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS
Activity 1.1.3 Anti-stigma and HIV prevention campaigns among high school and college students
Activity 1.2.1 Advocacy initiatives and leadership training for government officials on HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS policies including the 100% condom use policy and working with NGOs
Activity 1.2.2 Advocacy initiatives targeting media workers and medical service providers focused on providing HIV/AIDS knowledge including information on HIV/AIDS policies and reducing stigma and discrimination toward PLWHA
Activity 1.2.3 Advocacy initiatives promoting the implementation of the national 100 percent condom use policy in entertainment venues and hotels
Activity 1.2.4 Advocacy initiatives promoting the rapid HIV test in National HIV Test guidelines
Activity 1.2.5 Policy workshops and seminars to promote the reform of policies related to clinics providing STI services, including the provision of VCT services in STI clinics

Anti-stigma and anti-discrimination mass media campaigns will be coordinated by the 7 provincial program offices with the assistance of a media or marketing firm. Spots will run on local radio, television, and print publications, and more in-depth reporting and programming will be facilitated by project staff. Public events, high school and college campus campaigns, and community-based efforts led by PLWHA groups will be organized at the city level. PLWHA groups, NGOs, city departments of education, colleges, and universities will be involved in both the planning and implementation. Each provincial program office will assemble a communication planning team to include NGOs, community representatives, and media professionals. International and national technical assistance coordinated by the national program office will monitor and provide support to activities.

Advocacy initiatives conducted among policymakers, health providers, police, journalists, and other groups and will target health policy, access to health care, stigma and discrimination, as well as other implementation barriers. These initiatives will be conducted at the city, provincial, and national level by the respective program offices depending on the nature of the issue. For example, outreach on the 100% condom use policy to entertainment venues will be done at the city level, while examination of the policy barring private clinics from providing STI services will occur at the national level. These initiatives will include the production of materials specific for the target audience, regular training workshops, and policy seminars that include domestic and international experts, NGOs, PHA and community representatives.

Specific activities included under comprehensive approaches to reduce high-risk behavior/HIV transmission among sex workers, MSM, and migrants and their partners (Objective 2) are as follows:

Activity 2.1.1 Revise BCC and condom use promotion materials aimed at SW (include link between STI infection and HIV transmission risk)
Activity 2.1.2 Organize and sponsor peer education training and activities among male and female sex workers
Activity 2.1.3 Hold trainings for SW on condom use, condom negotiation and self protection skills
Activity 2.1.4 Provide quality condoms and water-based lubricants to SW through social marketing and free distribution
Activity 2.1.5 Provide BCC and promote condoms through entertainment venues in partnership with establishment owners
Activity 2.2.1 Revise BCC and condom promotion materials aimed at MSM (include link between STI infection and HIV transmission risk)
Activity 2.2.2 Support and strengthen new and existing MSM hotlines and networks
Activity 2.2.3 Organize and sponsor peer education activities within MSM community
Activity 2.2.4 Work with MSM websites to distribute BCC information
Activity 2.2.5 Provide BCC and promote condoms in MSM community including at bars, saunas, clubs, hotels, parks, and other locations
Activity 2.2.6 Provide quality condoms and water-based lubricants to MSM through social marketing and free distribution
Activity 2.3.1 Revise and develop BCC and condom promotion materials aimed at migrants with high-risk behavior, include link between STI infection and HIV risk
Activity 2.3.2 Organize and sponsor peer education activities among migrants in specific areas e.g. factories, construction sites, and young women in service industries
Activity 2.3.3 Conduct training workshops to involve local government departments, NGOs, GONGOs, employers, and migrant representatives in BCC and condom promotion activities.
Activity 2.3.4 Provide quality condoms and water-based lubricants to migrants through social marketing and free distribution using networks of labor organizations and departments
Activity 2.4.1 Strengthen training of health workers, professional counselors and other support staff on VCT services under National VCT Training Guidelines
Activity 2.4.2 Conduct trainings for NGOs, volunteers, members of target groups, and PHA on VCT counseling services
Activity 2.4.3 Establish VCT referral network and follow-up links to risk reduction, treatment and care services
Activity 2.4.4 Designate community groups and NGOs to conduct outreach to increase the use of VCT services among SW, MSM, and migrants
Activity 2.4.5 Designate specific VCT service points to target SW, MSM, and migrants
Activity 2.4.6 Establish VCT referral and counseling sites inside detention and drug rehabilitation centers, with referral to VCT services

These activities will include the revision, production, pre-testing, printing, and distribution of IEC materials, all tendered in open-bid contracts. There will be separate contracts to develop materials for SW, MSM, and migrants. and these contracts will be managed by the national program office and supported by international technical assistance.

BCC outreach, including peer education, training on safe sex negotiation and self-protection, and condom promotion and distribution will be conducted at the city level. Each target group will have a designated activity center with a small staff of counselors and peer educators who will receive special training to reach their target population. These centers will provide quality condoms, and in some cases lubricants, for free and through social marketing. BCC outreach and condom promotion will be coordinated with entertainment venues (for SW), bars, saunas, clubs, hotels, and parks (for MSM), and migrant work sites, companies and work units (for migrants). Whenever possible, these centers will be managed by self-support groups representing the target population or by NGOs with experience working with those groups. Each city will have 3 centers in the first year (one for each target group) increasing to 9 centers in the final year.

In addition, MSM hotlines and websites that provide BCC communication will receive funding and technical support for start-up and maintenance costs.

Most training related to VCT will be implemented by the national program office drawing upon existing resources available in the central government. VCT-related outreach will be contracted to community groups and NGOs at the city level. These groups will receive funding, technical assistance, and HIV rapid tests, and will work in cooperation with local CDC and health departments. In addition, existing VCT service points will be provided financial incentives and funding for counselor salaries to target SW, MSM, and migrants and to operate in detention and drug rehabilitation centers.

Specific activities to strengthen STI services and their link to HIV prevention (Objective 3) are as follows:

Activity 3.1.1 Development (revision) of national STI treatment guidelines including partner notification, case reporting, and contact tracing
Activity 3.1.2 Training course on STI center management that uses existing national STI treatment training materials in addition to improved materials related to providing STI services to MSM, sex workers, migrants
Activity 3.1.3 Training for hospitals and clinics including STI syndromic management, laboratory training, counseling skills, and diagnosis and treatment for common STIs seen in MSM population and female reproductive health services
Activity 3.1.4 Ongoing technical assistance for STI clinics
Activity 3.1.5 Designated STI clinics to target sex workers, migrants, and MSM and offer them discounted services
Activity 3.2.1 Creation of referral and tracking system for referral from STI clinics to VCT services
Activity 3.2.2 Provision of IEC and BCC materials at STI clinics and BCC outreach activities conducted through STI clinics
Activity 3.2.3 Provision of VCT services at STI clinics

The National STI Center in Nanjing, China CDC and MOH, with support from international partners such as WHO, will be the primary implementing agents for this objective, and will providing training, technical assistance, and improved STI guidelines. They will be responsible for medical training and improved guidelines for health providers who will provide services to target populations, as well as the development (or revision) of national STI guidelines in coordination with national health agencies. In coordination with NGOs and MSM groups, training will also be provided on the provision of medical and counseling services to MSM and SW, who are usually reluctant to identify themselves as belonging to these groups.

At the local level, the project also includes mechanisms to improve access to STI services, including aggressive outreach, contact tracing, and discounted services to the target groups. Wherever peer or community groups exist, they will conduct these outreach services, as well as related counseling activities. In addition to these services, links will be created between HIV prevention services (including condom promotion) and VCT services. These links will be developed by the local program offices with the cooperation of outreach workers/NGOs and local CDCs or departments of Health. Condoms and condom promotion information will be made available at STI clinics, either for free distribution or through social marketing. Referrals will also be made between VCT and STI services and financial incentives will be provided for STI clinics to provide VCT services.

Community organizations will be involved at the service-provision level, during training for STI clinic staff, and will be consulted in the development of guidelines and training materials.

Specific activities to strengthen the capacity of civil society groups to plan and implement HIV prevention activities (Objective 4) are as follows:

Activity 4.1.1 Create programs to provide small NGOs and community organizations that work with target groups with management support and technical assistance, including a program to pair them with larger domestic or international NGOs
Activity 4.1.2 Create small grant program that supports grass-roots community organizations and NGOs
Activity 4.1.3 Create and/or support platforms for information exchange and cooperation between
Activity 4.2.1 Provide management, technical, fundraising and logistical assistance to PLWHA activists and PLWHA Groups
Activity 4.2.2 Create small grant program to support PLWHA groups
Activity 4.2.3 Support PLWHA participation in NGO, government, and community organization activities including trainings and internships

Activities supporting the growth of civil society will be a collaborative effort of the national program office, larger NGOs (international and/or domestic), mass organizations and GONGOs, PLWHA groups and activists, and local government partners. In order to ensure that funding is available to community organizations and smaller NGOs, the national program office will contract a grant coordinator to distribute funds based on merit and a transparent process to appropriate organizations in all project cities. Similarly, the national program office will contract with several larger NGOs that have experience providing management assistance to provide these services to PLWHA groups and smaller NGOs and community organizations that work with SW, MSM, and migrants. A large degree of assistance will be solicited from international NGOs such as the International HIV/AIDS Alliance and international PLWHA networks (such as APN+).

Conferences will be organized to present studies, exchange information, and to support the general development of civil society. These will be run by academic institutions and include NGOs and other groups supported by the Global Fund in this objective, as well as government departments and international agencies working with target populations. In all these activities, the participation of PLWHA will be encouraged in multiple ways, including through a PLWHA internship fund and aggressive outreach into the community.

Specific activities to strengthen the local capacity to conduct HIV situation analysis including improved surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation (Objective 5) are as follows:

Activity 5.1.1 Collect, compile, and share existing behavioral information about target populations SW and migrants
Activity 5.1.2 Conduct behavior and HIV-knowledge surveys, including KAP surveys, among target populations
Activity 5.1.3 Increase number of sentinel sites in provincial/national surveillance system
Activity 5.1.4 Systematize the integration of existing routine testing data (from blood banks, hospitals, MCH clinics) into surveillance system
Activity 5.1.5 Provide training to local officials on using monitoring, evaluation, and surveillance data in planning HIV/AIDS activities
Activity 5.1.6 Provide technical assistance to support the creation of an HIV early warning system that targets vulnerable populations
Activity 5.1.7 Establish mechanism linking surveillance with prevention services

The activities surrounding the expansion of the surveillance system and improving HIV situation analysis will require a high degree of government involvement, and implementation will be largely government-led by the national CDC, the Ministry of Health (MOH), and local health bureaus. International agencies, academic institutions, and larger, medical NGOs (such as MSF) will be invited to provide input on strategies and implementation barriers. Behavioral surveys will be primarily carried out by the CDC though NGOs or academic institutions in coordination with local peer and community groups may assist.

Workshops and trainings intended to change the approach to collecting surveillance information on HIV/AIDS will be conducted by international and domestic agencies. Collecting and compiling existing data, and conducting additional surveys (which can also fill a gap in baseline information and strengthen the M&E portion of this project), and integrating existing but unused HIV data into the national surveillance system, will be mainly managed by national and local government. Technical assistance to support the creation of an HIV early warning system and to improve links between surveillance and prevention activities will be coordinated by the provincial program offices.