“治艾”需要无数个“今天”
“AIDS Treatment”requires countless more“AIDS Days” [TheBeijingNews Xin Jing Bao, 2003.12.1]

Today is the 16th annual “World AIDS Day”. AIDS was at one point a taboo in our society, people would all be embarrassed to discuss “AIDS”. With social progress, people’s ability to accept [AIDS] has increased and we realize that AIDS is the whole society’s problem that will endanger social safety and social justice. However, there is still a gap between acceptace and solving the AIDS problem, and that’s visible in this year’s AIDS day slogan (1991 was “Sharing the Challenge”, 1992 was “A Community Commitment” )

That is to say, in challenge to fight against AIDS, the government and society are facing many limitations. To use an old phrase, we are now at the point of “storming the strongholds”; along with social progress, legal and political flexibility and adjustments, we will gradually make progress in solving the HIV/AIDS problem. Inadequate policies can be adjusted, legal measures can be implemented. But what we must understand is that in addition to policy, law, and propaganda efforts, there needs to be sufficient energy spent on resolutely implementing the policy and carrying out the work.

Resolutely implementing policy means going down to the level of the specific individual or organization. At present, people with HIV or people who are trying to help the HIV/AIDS problem in China cannot solve the problem in one step. When it comes to influencing government policy and legal measures, people with HIV are generally powerless, a “vulnerable group” in society, and the media and NGOs (Non-government Organizations) do not have enough money or influence in society. That’s why we are in this current situation: In the face of an enormous number of people with HIV/AIDS around the country, only a few low-level government officials and NGO volunteers are stepping up to fight AIDS.

就是说，政府和全社会在迎接艾滋病挑战中还有相当多的局限。用一句老话，我们现在到了打“攻坚战”的时候，随着社会的发展，政策与法律的颁布与调整将会越来越有利于解决艾滋病问题。政策的不足可以调整，法律手段也可以介入。但我们必须明白，在政策、法律以及宣传活动之外，需要有足够的力量来狠抓落实。

狠抓落实就是要落实到具体的组织和个人那里。目前的艾滋病人或关心艾滋病问题的各界人士对解决艾滋病问题难以一蹴而就。因为在影响政府决策和运用法律手段时，艾滋病人多是无能力的“弱势群体”，而媒体和NGO（非政府组织）等社会资源的介入却太少。由此造成的现状是，面对庞大而分散的艾滋病人群，我们只有政府执行层面的少数公务员和社会层面更少的NGO志愿者迎战。正是出于这种前提，北京爱知行曾向政府提建议，“为艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病人，特别是那些国家应该对其感染艾滋病病毒负责赔偿的卖血和输血感染者，提供抗病毒治疗和合乎人性的照顾。”然而，从提建议到参与公共决策，还有不短的距离。

由历年预防世界艾滋病日主题可以看出，艾滋病对社会的挑战是长期的，我们对艾滋病的攻坚战不可能像对待例如非典那样“短平快”。说到底，迎接其挑战，需要大量的社会资源，如人力资源、媒体资源、技术、资金等等的大量倾斜投放，只有资源的社会分布达成某种均衡，艾滋病才可能不再成为威胁。但今天中国国内愿意帮助艾滋病家庭的组织只有如北京爱知行、中国计划生育协会、中国性病艾滋病防治基金会、“红树林”、“爱之关怀”等不足十家，个人则更少。无论是地方基层政府还是城市基层组织如居委会，不少对社会力量如NGO不太信任，甚至不知NGO为何物，因而不可能接纳来自社会的力量。

对一些艾滋病人来说，因为他们不完全知道自己的权利，就容易用"自污"的方式，一种生命认同完全背反社会的方式来生活，而一些媒体和治安人员也不自觉地称其为“艾滋扒手”“艾滋嫌犯”。这些问题的解决也需要一个漫长的过程，它需要更多的人成为NGO或志愿者，更多地组织和个人从艾滋病人的全部生活需要出发来帮助后者自信、自尊。这不是过一个“艾滋病日”、开一次国际性会议、制定一项承诺就可以万事大吉的。也就是说，解决艾滋病问题已经成为我们生活的一部分，我们的“攻坚战”才刚刚打响。

□本报特约评论员 余世存（北京 作家）
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